Ernst Weber: History and Impact

Introduction:

Ernst Weber was a visionary electrical engineer, educator, and leader who helped shape the landscape of modern technology. As a pioneer in microwave research and the founding president of the IEEE, Weber was instrumental in bridging the gap between scientific innovation and practical application. His influence extended far beyond the lab, transforming engineering education, driving policy, and helping establish the Polytechnic Institute (now NYU Tandon) as a hub of groundbreaking research. This exhibit celebrates Weber’s profound impact on science, industry, and academia, showcasing rare artifacts, personal notes, and interactive displays that trace his journey from Austrian immigrant to one of the most influential engineers of the 20th century.

Section 1: Ernst Weber’s Background/Introduction

Section I: Overall Background

Figure 1: Ernst Weber Photo. Polytechnic Institute of New York University Records, New York University, https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/poly/poly_rg_028/images/w3r22gf1/.

Figure 2: Charles Weber with Wheelbarrow, 1903. Engineering and Technology History Wiki. https://ethw.org/File:1075_-_Weber,_with_wheelbarrow_in_1903.jpg.

Ernst Weber (1901–1996) was an Austrian-born American electrical engineer known for his contributions to microwave technology and engineering education. He earned degrees from the Technical University of Vienna and worked for Siemens before moving to the U.S. in 1930 (ETHW 2025). At the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, he played a key role in radar research during WWII and founded the Microwave Research Institute (ETHW 2025). Weber was the first president of IEEE in 1963 and received numerous honors, including the U.S. National Medal of Science (ETHW 2025).

Section II: Academic Influence:

Figure 3: University of Vienna. “An International University.” University of Vienna, https://www.univie.ac.at/en/international/international-profile/an-international-university/. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

Figure 4: Ernst Weber, 1930. Engineering and Technology History Wiki. https://ethw.org/File:1071_-_Ernst_Weber,_1930.jpg.

Ernst Weber’s academic journey began in Vienna, Austria, where he demonstrated early proficiency in mathematics and physics. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree from the Technical University of Vienna in 1924 (ETHW 2025). His pursuit of higher education led him to obtain two Ph.D. degrees: one from the University of Vienna in 1926 and another in engineering from the Technical University of Vienna in 1927 (ETHW 2025). His academic training was deeply rooted in electrical engineering, mathematics, and physics, which provided him with a strong foundation for his later contributions to microwave technology and engineering education. After completing his doctoral studies, Weber worked as a research assistant at the Technical University of Vienna before moving into industrial research at Siemens-Schuckert, where he applied his expertise to practical engineering problems (ETHW 2025).

Ernst Weber's medals and recognition screenshot

Figure 5: National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. “Ernst Weber.” National Medals, https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/ernst-weber/. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

The National Medal of Science citation for Ernst Weber highlights his profound and multifaceted impact on electrical engineering and related fields (Nationalmedals). It recognizes him as a "distinguished and pioneering" figure whose roles as educator, academic leader, author, researcher, and entrepreneur have inspired generations worldwide

Section 2: Ernst Weber’s Research Impact

Section III: Weber’s Contribution to Electromagnetic Research

Figure 6: Microwave Research Institute International Symposia, 1952–1964; Ernst Weber Collection; RG 033; box 9; folder 10, Poly Archives at Bern Dibner Library of Science and Technology, New York University.

Ernst Weber's electromagnetic contributions focused on the development of high-frequency circuit theory and microwave technology. He advanced the design and understanding of waveguides and transmission lines, which are crucial or guiding electromagnetic waves with minimal loss, especially at radio and microwave frequencies. His research led to improvements in impedance matching techniques, which ensured efficient power transfer in high-frequency systems.

Figure 7: The Assistant Secretary of Commerce, 1952–1964; Ernst Weber Collection; RG 033; box 9; folder 10, Poly Archives at Bern Dibner Library of Science and Technology, New York University.

Dr. Ernst Weber's appointment to the Telecommunication Science Panel of the Commerce Technical Advisory Board, highlighted his influential role in research related to electromagnetic frequency spectrum management. Tasked with guiding studies and making recommendations to improve the nation's efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum, Weber's involvement reflects his prominence in electrical engineering and telecommunications. His work, in collaboration with major federal agencies like the Department of Commerce, the Federal Communications Commission, and the Department of Defense, positioned him to shape national policy and research in telecommunications. This appointment underscores Weber’s expertise and leadership in addressing critical challenges related to electromagnetic waves, foundational to advancements in telecommunications and wireless communication.

Figure 8: Weber, Ernst. Electromagnetic Fields: Theory and Applications. Wiley, 1950. Internet Archive, archive.org/details/electromagneticf031038mbp/page/16/mode/2up.

The boundary conditions shown in Figure 8 had a major impact because they gave scientists and engineers a clear set of rules for how electric fields behave when they cross from one material into another. Before this, it was difficult to predict what would happen at the boundary between two different substances, like air and plastic or two kinds of insulators. By establishing that certain parts of the electric field must stay smooth and continuous across surfaces, these conditions made it possible to design better electrical devices, from capacitors to circuit boards. They also helped build the foundation for modern fields like telecommunications, electronics, and material science, where understanding how fields move through and across materials is essential. In a bigger sense, these ideas brought more order and predictability to the study of electricity and magnetism, allowing technology to advance much faster.

Current Filaments: Section of Ernst Weber's book

Figure 9: Weber, Ernst. Electromagnetic Fields: Theory and Applications. Wiley, 1950. Internet Archive, archive.org/details/electromagneticf031038mbp/page/16/mode/2up.

This section on Current Filaments had a major practical impact because it introduced an efficient way to model thin wires and conductors. Instead of treating a conductor as a bulky 3D object with complicated current distributions, you simplify it as a line of current (a filament) , which dramatically simplifies the mathematics while still giving very accurate results. This book, "Electromagnetic Fields: Theory and Applications" by Ernst Weber (and Frederick White), had an overall huge impact because it was one of the first to really bridge the gap between theoretical electromagnetism and practical electrical engineering. Before this, a lot of electromagnetism textbooks were extremely math-heavy and oriented toward physicists, not engineers. Ernst Weber made field theory approachable, structured it around real-world problems, and emphasized practical models like transmission lines, antennas, and current filaments — models engineers could actually use to design devices. It basically became a foundation for how electrical engineering students were trained from the mid-20th century onward, especially in fields like communications, microwave systems, radar, and electronics.

Section IV: Microwave and Magnetic Research

Figure 10: Ernst Weber Photo. Polytechnic Institute of New York University Records, New York University, https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/poly/poly_rg_028/images/w3r22gf1/.

Ernst Weber made significant contributions to microwave research as the leader of the Microwave Research Group at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute during World War II, where his team specialized in microwave measurements and passive components, such as waveguides and resonators, which were critical for advancing radar technology. His work, conducted under the National Defense Research Committee, was part of a broader collaboration among universities, industry, and the military to develop cutting-edge electronics for defense applications. Weber's expertise in microwave systems helped lay the foundation for postwar advancements in radar and communications, and his leadership at Brooklyn Polytechnic earned his group a place in the prestigious Joint Services Electronics Program (Young 1989), ensuring continued innovation in electromagnetics and related fields.

Figure 11: "On The Equivalent Circuits of Linear Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.

While this paper by L. M. Vallese, shown in Figure 11, is not directly authored by Ernst Weber, it closely relates to Weber’s own research fields and vision for engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Weber was a pioneer in electrical network theory and high-frequency engineering, and much of his work focused on developing mathematical models for complex electrical systems , particularly for communications and radar technologies. The paper’s focus on equivalent circuits of amplifiers, including the modeling of transistor behavior and circuit reliability, directly reflects the kinds of problems Weber tackled earlier in his career. Furthermore, the paper embodies Weber’s broader research philosophy: integrating rigorous theoretical analysis with practical engineering applications. By fostering an environment that emphasized applied research in electronics, communications, and microwave technologies, Weber enabled faculty like Vallese to pursue advanced studies that built upon and expanded the foundation he had established at Polytechnic.

Figure 12: "Temperature Stabilization of Transistors Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.

L. M. Vallese’s work on temperature stabilization of transistor amplifiers at the Microwave Research Institute builds directly on the foundation established by Weber’s leadership in advancing electronic system reliability. Weber emphasized the importance of creating communication and radar technologies that could maintain consistent performance under variable environmental conditions, setting new standards for device ruggedness and interoperability. This focus on stability and precision shaped the research culture at the Institute, encouraging systematic approaches to managing thermal effects in emerging technologies like transistors. Vallese’s development of temperature incremental equations and compensation techniques reflects this influence, applying rigorous analysis to ensure that amplifiers could operate reliably across a range of conditions. His work demonstrates how Weber’s drive for standardized, high-reliability electronics continued to guide innovation in critical areas of high-frequency and microwave engineering.

Section V: Weber’s impact on Engineering Programs:

Ernst Weber made significant contributions to engineering programs like IEEE through his pioneering work in bioengineering and his leadership within the organization. As a founding figure in biomedical engineering and a former president of IEEE, Weber helped shape the organization's commitment to advancing technology and setting professional standards. His influence is especially evident in IEEE’s interdisciplinary approach, promoting collaboration across various engineering fields to drive innovation and maintain high standards of practice. Ernst Weber played a pivotal role in shaping IEEE through his leadership and vision for the organization. As the first president of IEEE following the merger of AIEE (American Institute of Electrical Engineers) and IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers) in 1963, Weber guided the newly formed organization through a crucial period of integration and growth (IEEE).

Figure 13: Marcuvitz, Nathan, and Ernst Weber. Proposal for a Magnetic Resonance and Cryogenic Solid State Research Program. Submitted to the National Science Foundation, 15 Mar. 1958. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives

His emphasis on interdisciplinary work aligns with how IEEE expanded its focus under his leadership to include emerging fields like bioengineering and electronics. By fostering innovation and promoting rigorous standards in academia, Weber demonstrated the same commitment to excellence that he later brought to IEEE. The proposal that is demonstrated in the picture above further demonstrates and clarifies the overall and ongoing involvement that Weber has on improving these fields and programs to foster innovation.

Figure 14: Weber, Ernst, et al. Report #12, 10 November. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.

As President of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, he fostered strong ties between academic institutions, industry, and major professional organizations like the IEEE. The 1966 letter from Harold Rubin references Weber’s involvement by noting the significance of IEEE-sponsored activities, highlighting how Weber’s leadership positioned Polytechnic at the center of major engineering and scientific developments. Although the letter primarily addresses public relations efforts, it reflects Weber’s broader impact: building institutional prestige, strengthening IEEE’s influence, and creating an environment that empowered research advances which were foundations critical to future breakthroughs in fields like electronics, communications, and medical technology.

Figure 15: Weber, Ernst. Oral History Interview. Conducted by Trudy E. Bell, 1988, IEEE History Center, Piscataway, NJ. Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW), https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1988).

Dr. Ernst Weber’s leadership in the AIEE and later the IEEE directly influenced the growth of high-frequency research in the United States, especially during a critical time when technologies like radar and microwave communication were rapidly evolving. In this interview, Weber recalls his early involvement with AIEE and his resistance to its merger with IRE — a union that eventually created the IEEE, where he served as the first president.. The 1966 letter referencing IEEE-sponsored activities reflects this same leadership: Weber was not only managing the Polytechnic’s academic reputation but also maintaining strong institutional ties with IEEE. His personal history with both AIEE and IRE, along with his advocacy for high-frequency technologies, positioned him as a central figure in bridging academic research, industry needs, and professional organization leadership during a transformative era for science and engineering.

Section VI: Research used in World War II:

Figure 16: "Radar." 482nd Bombardment Group (P), https://www.482nd.org/radar. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

During World War II, radar systems played a crucial role in enabling Allied forces to overcome adverse weather conditions and improve bombing accuracy (Fine 1945). The British developed the H2S, a ten-centimeter radar system used for blind bombing, allowing bombers to target locations even through cloud cover. The Americans, seeking even greater precision, developed the H2X, a three-centimeter radar system that provided enhanced image detail for more accurate targeting (Fine 1945). A fundamental understanding of wave propagation, which was a main cornerstone of Weber’s research, is necessary for the effective design of radar antennas. Unlike a simple light bulb that disperses light in all directions, radar antennas must precisely focus microwave energy into a directed beam, enabling the system to pinpoint targets accurately. Ernst Weber's teachings thoroughly cover the mathematical illustrations of this system, including Maxwell's equations, a set of partial differential equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields propagate and interact. Radar engineers applied these equations to meticulously calculate the optimal curvature, size, and shape of antenna components, such as reflectors or lenses, in systems like H2X and H2S. This precise engineering was essential to achieve the desired beam pattern, minimizing signal dispersion and maximizing the energy focused on the target. A classic example of this application is the parabolic shape of many radar antennas, a design that directly uses the principles of wave propagation and reflection to collimate the microwaves into a concentrated beam (Fine 1945).

Figure 17: "All You Need to Know About Radar Antenna." Antenna Experts, 10 Feb. 2023, https://www.antennaexperts.co/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-radar-antenna. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

Ernst Weber's contributions to these radar systems stemmed primarily from his profound influence as an electrical engineering educator as well as his significant academic work. His teaching and research heavily emphasized a deep understanding of electromagnetic field theory, which provided the theoretical groundwork essential for designing effective radar components such as antennas, transmitters, and receivers, as the operation of radar relies on the behavior of electromagnetic waves. By rigorously teaching microwave techniques and advancing the broader field of electronics, Weber equipped engineers with the knowledge and skills necessary to innovate and develop sophisticated technologies like radar.

Figure 18: "Normandy Invasion." Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/event/Normandy-Invasion. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

Ernst Weber’s work in developing uniform specifications for military-grade electronics was pivotal in ensuring that diverse systems could operate together seamlessly across different branches of the armed forces. Before standardization, the U.S. Navy, Army, and Air Force often used incompatible communication and detection systems, leading to inefficiencies, delays, and even operational failures during joint missions. Weber’s contributions helped establish common technical standards for components, frequencies, signal modulation, and power requirements, which were essential for interoperability. One of the most significant historical examples of Ernst Weber’s influence on military electronics standardization was the integration of radar and radio systems during the Normandy landings (D-Day June 1944). Prior to Weber’s work, Allied forces faced major challenges in coordinating naval, air, and ground operations due to incompatible communication systems. For instance, British and American ships used different radar frequencies, making it difficult to share real-time detection data, while Army and Air Force radios often couldn’t communicate directly, forcing messages to be relayed manually, a dangerous delay in fast-moving battles (Fine 1945).

Figure 19: "SCR-584 Radar." Military Wiki, Fandom, https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/SCR-584_radar. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

An image of the SCR-584 radar, a mobile microwave radar system developed by the U.S. Army Signal Corps, illustrates the type of equipment that benefited from standardization efforts. This radar was crucial for directing anti-aircraft artillery and demonstrates the integration of ruggedized components suitable for harsh environments. Weber’s research at the Microwave Research Institute helped establish common frequency bands and signal protocols, enabling Allied ships to merge radar tracks into a unified air-defense picture and ensuring that close-air-support aircraft could receive targeting updates directly from ground troops. This interoperability proved critical when German forces jammed some Allied radios; because Weber’s standards included redundant modulation schemes, units could switch to backup frequencies without losing contact. Similarly, his work on ruggedized vacuum tubes and waveguides (essential for radar and radio transmitters) reduced failures in the humid, salt-heavy conditions of the Normandy coast, where earlier electronics often short-circuited (Fine 1945). Post-war, these standards were formalized in NATO STANAG agreements, ensuring that lessons from D-Day shaped Cold War systems like the MIL-STD-1553 data bus (used in aircraft and tanks) and Tactical Data Links (Link 16), which still underpin joint operations today (Fine 1945). Weber’s legacy here is stark: Without his push for standardization, the Allies might have faced even heavier losses in key battles, and modern networked warfare (where drones, satellites, and infantry share data instantly) would look radically different.

Figure 20: "VT-158." DBpedia, https://dbpedia.org/page/VT-158. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.

The VT-158, also known as the Zahl tube, was a ruggedized vacuum tube used in radar transmitters. Its design was pivotal in reducing equipment failures in challenging conditions like those on the Normandy coast (ww2museum). For example, his research in microwave engineering and signal processing enabled different radar systems to share data without interference, while standardized radio protocols allowed ground troops, aircraft, and naval ships to communicate in real time (Fine 1945). This was especially critical during World War II and the Cold War, where coordinated operations between services relied on electronics that could communicate to each other reliably. Beyond hardware, Weber’s influence extended to testing and certification processes, ensuring that military electronics met stringent durability and performance criteria under harsh conditions (e.g., extreme temperatures, vibration, or electromagnetic interference). His efforts not only enhanced battlefield coordination but also laid the foundation for modern network-centric warfare, where integrated sensor and communication systems are central to mission success. By bridging the gaps between disparate technologies, Weber’s standardization work became a cornerstone of joint operations, ultimately making U.S. and allied forces more agile, responsive, and effective in complex combat scenarios. Although there were some unintended consequences that Weber’s research led to such as allowing nations to induce conflict and war instead of peaceful resolution, Weber’s contributions still must be noted as they were monumental in wartime efforts.

Section 4: Ernst Weber’s impact on Poly

Section VIII: Economic and Financial Help:

Figure 21: "8-1 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.

The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (PIB) faced a severe financial crisis in 1968-69, with an academic operations income of under $9 million and a projected deficit of $3.4 million, amounting to approximately $1,060 per full-time student (Poly Archives). As a cornerstone of engineering education in New York City and Long Island, PIB played a crucial role in awarding BS, MS, and PhD degrees in engineering, chemistry, physics, and mathematics and needed to continue to offer opportunities to students. The crisis was not a minor setback but a desperate fiscal challenge, likely stemming from rising operational costs, inadequate funding, or declining enrollment. The reported deficit excluded income from research grants, non-research government grants, and auxiliary enterprises, highlighting the financial strain on PIB’s core academic functions and raising concerns about its long-term sustainability.

Figure 22: "8-1 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives. Same source as Figure 20

This instability is further exacerbated by the primary shown above. This table reveals the deepening financial crisis at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (PIB) from 1961 to 1972, with annual deficits snowballing from $8,363 in 1961–62 to a projected $4.3 million by 1970–71. The cumulative deficit reached $5.182 million by 1967–68, reflecting unsustainable operational costs, reliance on commuter tuition, and limited unrestricted funding. As evidenced through correspondence and internal reports from Weber's archive, Weber attempted to stabilize PIB by implementing strategic measures such as securing increased government and private funding, fostering stronger industry partnerships, and expanding research initiatives to bring in additional revenue (Poly Archives). He also oversaw administrative restructuring and cost-cutting efforts to improve financial efficiency, which will be talked about more in primary sources and secondary sources following.

Figure 23: Weber, Ernst, et al. "Operation - Anny." Report #12, 27 Aug. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.

Weber’s effort to develop strong industry partnerships is demonstrated by the primary source that is shown above as the merger talks with SUNY, which ultimately did not come to fruition, but then ultimately went through with NYU. These partnerships went a long way in getting PIB out of the economic instability that was developed prior to the presidency of Weber.

Figure 24: Weber, Ernst, et al. Report #12, 19 March. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.

Figure 24 highlights Ernst Weber’s efforts to maintain financial stability at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn while strengthening its academic programs. By arranging a part-time appointment for Professor Ivar Berg at a controlled cost and carefully managing summer compensation for Professor Goldberg, Weber demonstrated a commitment to using financial resources efficiently. Rather than overextending the institute’s budget, he prioritized strategic hiring and fair compensation based on actual work performed. This approach helped sustain the quality and continuity of key departments while protecting Polytechnic’s financial health during a period when many private technical institutions faced serious economic challenges.

Section IX: Educational Help and bolstering research programs at Poly

Figure 25: "Vital Resources of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 1969. Ernst Weber Papers, Box 10, Polytechnic Institute Archives, New York University Tandon School of Engineering.

This document highlights Ernst Weber’s efforts to strengthen the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (PIB) by enhancing its educational programs and research capabilities. Under Weber’s leadership, PIB played a crucial role in New York State’s strategy to expand engineering education, particularly in producing master’s and doctoral degrees in engineering and related fields. The text emphasizes that New York recognized the importance of preserving and strengthening institutions like PIB, which had gained stature in the field.Weber's tenure saw PIB establish a national reputation for quality programs, particularly in electrical engineering and polymer physics, fields that were vital to modern technological advancements. The recognition of PIB’s programs in An Assessment of Quality in Graduate Education by Allan Cartter further validates Weber’s success in positioning the institute as a leader in advanced engineering education.

Figure 26: Bloom, Oscar J. "Training Session of 27 February." Letter to Dr. Ernst Weber, 16 Mar. 1965.

Figure 26 highlights Dr. Ernst Weber’s significant impact on the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn by showcasing the institute’s collaboration with the U.S. Air Force. Under Weber’s leadership, Polytechnic faculty were invited to provide specialized aerospace engineering and applied mechanics training to military officers, reinforcing the institute’s reputation for excellence in applied science and national service. The formal gratitude expressed by the Air Force reflects Weber’s success in positioning Polytechnic as a critical partner in advancing defense and space technology during a pivotal era. Additionally, by strengthening research initiatives in microwaves, Weber helped PIB secure its position as a top engineering institution, which played a crucial role in its survival and eventual merger with NYU (NYU Tandon 2016). The ongoing research in millimeter-wave technology and 5G at NYU Tandon, led by figures like Theodore Rappaport, builds on Weber’s legacy, demonstrating how early investments in cutting-edge research created long-term academic and technological impact.

Section 5: Conclusion

Ernst Weber’s visionary leadership and groundbreaking research left a massive mark on the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and the broader scientific community. As both an innovator in microwave technology and a transformative educator, Weber bridged the gap between theoretical research and real-world applications, shaping the future of electrical engineering. His work not only advanced radar and communication systems during critical moments in history but also laid the foundation for modern microwave and millimeter-wave technologies that remain essential today.

Beyond his technical contributions, Weber’s dedication to education and institution-building elevated Polytechnic into a hub of engineering excellence, fostering generations of scientists and engineers. His legacy endures in the continued pursuit of interdisciplinary research and the enduring spirit of innovation he instilled at the institution. This exhibit celebrates Weber’s profound impact, a testament to how one individual’s curiosity and leadership can propel both an institution and an entire field forward.

References

Primary Sources:

Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Institutional Report on Financial Status. 1968-69. Poly Archives, Ernst Weber Collection (Box 9), Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Collection (RG_033). NYU Libraries, Accessed 2 Apr. 2025.
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, The Assistant Secretary of Commerce. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. 1966. Poly Archives, Ernst Weber Collection (Box 9), Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Collection (RG_033). NYU Libraries, Accessed 21 Mar. 2025.
Marcuvitz, Nathan, and Ernst Weber. Proposal for a Magnetic Resonance and Cryogenic Solid State Research Program. Submitted to the National Science Foundation, 15 Mar. 1958. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives
Weber, Ernst. Oral History Interview. Conducted by Trudy E. Bell, 1988, IEEE History Center, Piscataway, NJ. Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW), https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1988).
"8-1 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.
Weber, Ernst, et al. "Operation - Anny." Report #12, 27 Aug. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.
"Vital Resources of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 1969. Ernst Weber Papers, Box 10, Polytechnic Institute Archives, New York University Tandon School of Engineering.
Ernst Weber Photo. Polytechnic Institute of New York University Records, New York University, https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/poly/poly_rg_028/images/w3r22gf1/.
Khan, Ahmad Shahid, and Saurabh Kumar Mukerji. Electromagnetic Fields: Theory and Applications. 1st ed., CRC Press, 2020
"On The Equivalent Circuits of Linear Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.
"Temperature Stabilization of Transistors Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives.
Weber, Ernst, et al. Report #12, 10 November. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.
Weber, Ernst, et al. Report #12, 19 March. 1969. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 16. Poly Archives.

Secondary Sources:

“Ernst Weber.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW), ETHW, 4 Mar. 2025, https://ethw.org/Ernst_Weber.
Young, Leo. "Electronics and Computing." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 502, no. 1, Mar. 1989, pp. 82–93. Crossref, doi:10.1177/0002716289502001006.
Fine, Norman. Blind Bombing: How Microwave Radar Brought the Allies to D-Day and Victory in World War II. Potomac Books, 2019.
"Microwaves to Millimeter Waves." NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, engineering.nyu.edu/news/microwaves-millimeter-waves. Accessed 16 September 2016.
University of Vienna. “An International University.” University of Vienna, https://www.univie.ac.at/en/international/international-profile/an-international-university/. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.
National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. “Ernst Weber.” National Medals, https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/ernst-weber/. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.
"Research Starters: D-Day." The National WWII Museum, https://www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-d-day. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.
"Radar." 482nd Bombardment Group (P), https://www.482nd.org/radar. Accessed 28 Apr. 2025.
IEEE History, IEEE; https://www.ieee.org/about/ieee-history, accessed May 14, 2025.

Class Projects | Spring 2025

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