NYU Poly’s Role in Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications

by Redwan Ramim

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Section 1: Ernst Weber and the Microwave Research Institute
3. Section 2: Arthur A. Oliner and Microwave Research
4. Section 3: Theodore Rappaport and Modern Wireless Communications
5. Conclusion
6. References

Introduction

The New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering (now NYU Tandon School of Engineering) has played a crucial role in advancing the fields of electrical engineering and telecommunications throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. From the pioneering work of Ernst Weber in establishing the Microwave Research Institute (MRI) to the influential research contributions of Arthur A. Oliner in microwave engineering, NYU Poly has continually been at the forefront of technological innovation.

In more recent decades, Theodore S. Rappaport has expanded NYU Poly’s legacy through his groundbreaking research in millimeter-wave communications and 5G technology. Rappaport’s establishment of NYU WIRELESS has positioned the university as a leader in the field of wireless communications, continuing the tradition of excellence laid down by earlier generations of researchers.

This exhibit will explore how NYU Poly’s contributions to electrical engineering and telecommunications have evolved over time. Through an examination of primary sources, including photographs, official documents, and video lectures, and secondary sources that provide context and scholarly interpretation, this exhibit will illustrate the historical and contemporary significance of NYU Poly’s work.

The sections of this exhibit are organized to trace the progression of NYU Poly’s contributions from the establishment of the MRI under Ernst Weber, through the research leadership of Arthur A. Oliner, to the modern advancements made by Theodore S. Rappaport. Each section will provide a detailed analysis of relevant primary sources, supported by contextual information drawn from secondary sources.

By examining these sources, the exhibit will demonstrate how NYU Poly has maintained a consistent and impactful presence in the fields of electrical engineering and telecommunications, contributing to advancements that have shaped the modern world.

Section 1: Ernst Weber and the Microwave Research Institute

The Microwave Research Institute (MRI), established by Ernst Weber in 1945 at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, marked a pivotal moment in NYU Poly’s contributions to electrical engineering and telecommunications. As a pioneering research center dedicated to the study of microwave engineering, the MRI became a hub of innovation during a critical era of technological advancement. Under Weber’s leadership, the institute gained a national reputation for excellence in research, particularly in areas related to radar technology, microwave transmission, and high-frequency communications.

“Weber in MRI Research Laboratory, 1955.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1955. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025. 

The photograph titled “Weber in MRI research laboratory, 1955” illustrates Weber working in a sophisticated laboratory setting within the MRI. Surrounded by advanced technological equipment, Weber is depicted actively engaged in research, demonstrating his hands-on approach to engineering and innovation. This image reflects the cutting-edge nature of the research conducted at MRI, which was instrumental in advancing microwave engineering and telecommunications during the post-war period.

According to Ernst Weber and Frederik Nebeker in their book The Evolution of Electrical Engineering: A Personal Perspective, the establishment of the Microwave Research Institute (MRI) was instrumental in promoting research related to microwave technology and radar systems. Weber emphasizes that the MRI not only advanced technical understanding but also laid the groundwork for future innovations in telecommunications. This source provides valuable context for understanding the significance of the MRI’s work in the broader scope of electrical engineering.

“Weber Examines IBM 7080.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1955. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025.

Weber’s engagement with cutting-edge technology is further demonstrated in the photograph “Weber examines IBM 7080”. This image shows Weber inspecting the IBM 7080, a large-scale mainframe computer that represented state-of-the-art computing power during the 1950s. His interest in such advanced computing technologies highlights Weber’s dedication to maintaining MRI’s relevance through continuous innovation. As noted by Weber himself in an oral history interview conducted by Trudy E. Bell for the IEEE History Center, he sought to integrate emerging technologies into the institute’s research agenda, ensuring that MRI remained at the forefront of scientific advancement (Bell 1988).

"On The Equivalent Circuits of Linear Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives. Accessed 9 Apr. 2025.

        Another important archival item that highlights the academic depth of Poly during Ernst Weber’s tenure is a technical paper authored by L.M. Vallese, titled "On the Equivalent Circuits of Linear Amplifiers." This paper, produced at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, investigates theoretical approaches to modeling amplifiers using equivalent circuit representations. Specifically, the work addresses the challenges in modeling nonreciprocal circuits—those where the signal path is not symmetrical—common in amplifier designs using vacuum tubes or transistors. Vallese presents mathematical formulations involving admittance, loop, and node analysis to derive simplified yet accurate models for amplifier circuits. His approach allows for a clearer understanding of circuit behavior while maintaining the integrity of their electrical characteristics. The document reflects Poly’s commitment to rigorous academic research and engineering theory under Weber’s leadership, especially in emerging fields like communications and electronics.

To place this paper in a broader technical context, To place this paper in a broader technical context, David M. Pozar’s Microwave Engineering offers a widely recognized framework for understanding the modeling principles Vallese explored. Pozar provides a contemporary explanation of circuit modeling techniques—including impedance matching and S-parameter analysis—which echo the modeling goals Vallese explored in his work. While Pozar’s text applies to modern microwave systems, the mathematical rigor and emphasis on accurate circuit representation reflect the same spirit of engineering problem-solving found in Vallese’s research. Together, these sources demonstrate the forward-thinking nature of electrical engineering education at Poly and show how foundational research conducted there remains relevant. Vallese’s paper is thus more than a historical document—it stands as a bridge between theoretical innovation and practical engineering design, embodying the academic culture cultivated by Ernst Weber.

Bloom, Oscar J. "Training Session of 27 February." Letter to Dr. Ernst Weber, 16 Mar. 1965. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 5, Poly Archives. Accessed 9 Apr. 2025.

A noteworthy archival document from March 16, 1965, further illustrates the broad reach of Ernst Weber’s leadership at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. The item is a formal letter addressed to Dr. Weber from Colonel Oscar J. Bloom of the United States Air Force Reserve. In the letter, Colonel Bloom thanks Weber for hosting a training session for Air Force Reserve Officers at the Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics facility on February 27, 1965. The session featured lectures and demonstrations by Polytechnic faculty, including Professors Bloom, Krenkal, and Goldberg, and was described as “extremely beneficial” in aiding the officers' understanding of technical concepts relevant to their military roles. The letter not only reflects appreciation for the event but also highlights the institute’s active role in supporting national defense through educational outreach and technical instruction.

This document underscores a key aspect of Weber’s legacy: fostering institutional partnerships between academia and the federal government during the Cold War. In the Oral History: Ernst Weber (1988), Weber describes how he deliberately shaped the direction of the Microwave Research Institute and other departments at Poly to align with the country’s growing technological and defense needs. He emphasized the importance of contributing to national goals through applied research, faculty expertise, and advanced education. The 1965 training session referenced in the letter is a direct example of this philosophy in action. Rather than existing in isolation, Poly’s engineering programs were fully engaged with military and governmental bodies, offering both intellectual resources and practical training. Through such partnerships, Weber helped establish Poly as a center not only of innovation, but of national service—where theoretical knowledge was regularly translated into real-world impact for the country’s defense and aerospace sectors.

“Weber and George H.W. Bush, 1987.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1987. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025.

Weber’s prominence as a leader in the field of electrical engineering was further solidified by his recognition at the national level. The photograph “Weber and George H.W. Bush, 1987” depicts Weber meeting with then-Vice President George H.W. Bush after receiving the National Medal of Science from President Reagan in 1987. This prestigious award, granted in recognition of his pioneering research and leadership in microwave engineering, reflects the broad impact of his contributions to both academic research and practical applications in telecommunications.

The recognition Weber received for his work demonstrates the broader influence of MRI’s research on national technological advancements. As noted in the oral history interview, Weber’s work during and after World War II contributed significantly to the development of radar technologies, which were essential for military and civilian communication systems alike (Bell 1988). He highlights the challenges and achievements of unifying the engineering community and promoting scientific engineering. The National Medal of Science serves as a testament to his influential work in advancing the field and his dedication to fostering collaboration among engineers. His leadership at MRI helped bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical engineering applications, solidifying NYU Poly’s reputation as a leader in telecommunications research.

Section 2: Arthur A. Oliner and Microwave Research

Arthur A. Oliner was a foundational figure in microwave engineering, particularly through his contributions to guided wave theory, leaky-wave antennas, and surface acoustic wave devices. Oliner spent the majority of his career at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now NYU Tandon School of Engineering), where he advanced research in electromagnetics and mentored numerous students who later made significant contributions to the field. His impact is well-documented through awards, publications, and leadership roles within professional societies.

“1993 Distinguished Educator Award - Arthur A. Oliner.” IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Newsletter, 1993. Accessed 28 Mar. 2025.

The 1993 Distinguished Educator Award bestowed upon Arthur A. Oliner by the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) is a testament to his excellence in research and education. The award was created to honor distinguished educators in the field of microwave engineering, emphasizing qualities such as dedication, mentorship, and scholarly achievement. As stated in the award paper, Oliner received the prize for his “outstanding record of research contributions, documented in archival publications” and his long-standing service to MTT-S (“1993 Distinguished Educator Award - Arthur A. Oliner.”).

Oliner's research was particularly influential in microwave theory, where he made fundamental advancements in understanding the behavior of guided waves and their interaction with various materials. According to the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Oliner’s most recognized achievements include his contributions to the theory of guided electromagnetic waves and antennas. He was elected to the NAE in 1991 for these contributions, a significant recognition of his expertise and leadership in the field. The NAE further highlights that Oliner’s work on leaky-wave antennas provided groundbreaking insights that continue to influence contemporary research in antenna theory (NAE 2013).

Additionally, Oliner’s involvement in professional organizations such as the IEEE and the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society enhanced his influence on the engineering community. He held numerous prestigious positions, including President of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and Chairman of the IEEE Technical Activities Board. His contributions to these organizations helped standardize research practices and promote the dissemination of knowledge within the field.

The paper announcing Oliner’s 1993 Distinguished Educator Award also emphasizes his commitment to teaching and mentoring. It includes quotes from former students who praised his ability to inspire creativity and encourage rigorous thinking. This focus on mentorship is echoed by the NAE’s recognition of Oliner’s dedication to training the next generation of engineers through both academic instruction and research supervision.

Through his work at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Oliner helped establish the institution as a leading center for microwave engineering and telecommunications research. His contributions were not limited to theoretical research; they also had practical applications, as he consulted for companies like IBM, Raytheon, Boeing, and Hughes. In sum, Arthur A. Oliner’s research, teaching, and leadership were instrumental in shaping the Microwave Research Institute and advancing the broader field of microwave engineering. His recognition through the 1993 Distinguished Educator Award reflects a career marked by significant achievements and lasting influence.

Section 3: Theodore Rappaport and Modern Wireless Communications

In recent decades, Theodore S. Rappaport has continued NYU Poly’s legacy of innovation in telecommunications research through his groundbreaking work in millimeter-wave communications and 5G technology. As the founder of NYU WIRELESS, a multidisciplinary research center based at NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Rappaport has played a central role in advancing high-frequency wireless communication systems that are essential to modern telecommunications infrastructure. His work has established NYU as a global leader in wireless research, especially in the context of 5G and emerging technologies.

ECE Distinguished Lecture Series: Ted Rappaport

University of Delaware. “ECE Distinguished Lecture Series: Ted Rappaport.” YouTube, 10 Oct. 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uideve1jaE8. Accessed 28 Mar. 2025.

In his lecture, Rappaport discusses the unprecedented potential of millimeter-wave frequencies, noting that “all the Spectrum that's ever existed now easily fits within an unlicensed band...in the 58 to 65 gigahertz band” (Rappaport). This observation highlights the extensive capacity available for future wireless systems, which he believes will redefine how information is transmitted and accessed. He emphasizes that wireless technology is on the verge of a "Renaissance," where data transfer will become seamless and integrated into everyday life, similar to fundamental tools like “pen and pencil” (Rappaport).

The importance of this shift toward millimeter-wave frequencies is further underscored by Rappaport’s description of their technological advantages. He notes that these frequencies provide “orders of magnitude increase in bandwidth”, which is essential for meeting the growing demand for high-speed, high-capacity communication networks (Rappaport). As described in his lecture, the higher frequencies allow for smaller antennas and more efficient data transmission, making it possible to deliver vast amounts of information in seconds.

According to Rappaport’s faculty profile at NYU Tandon, his work at NYU WIRELESS focuses on developing techniques to optimize millimeter-wave technology for use in 5G networks and beyond. This includes conducting experiments to understand propagation characteristics, antenna design, and signal processing techniques that can enhance wireless communication performance. The profile also highlights how his research involves collaboration with major industry partners and government agencies to accelerate technological advancements (“Theodore S. Rappaport - NYU Tandon Faculty Profile”).

The ETHW biography further supports Rappaport’s vision for millimeter-wave technology by documenting his pioneering work on channel modeling and measurement techniques. According to the biography, Rappaport’s research has provided “the first statistically significant propagation data at millimeter-wave frequencies” (ETHW). This data demonstrated the feasibility of mobile communications at higher frequencies, which was previously considered impractical. His contributions have since laid the groundwork for modern 5G technology, influencing both academic research and commercial applications.

During his lecture, Rappaport describes how high-frequency wireless systems can revolutionize various industries, including automotive technology, data centers, and healthcare. For example, he mentions that “vehicle connectivity and loading all the data you'd ever need or want to a car as it goes by a sign post” could soon become a reality with the use of millimeter-wave technology (Rappaport). Additionally, he explains how the increased bandwidth available at higher frequencies can support ultra-fast data transfer in settings such as hospitals, industrial facilities, and consumer electronics.

Rappaport’s lecture also emphasizes the importance of antenna technology in making millimeter-wave systems viable. He highlights how “very directional antennas steerable with very small physical footprint” can help improve signal quality and reduce interference in urban environments (Rappaport). This advancement is crucial for ensuring reliable wireless communication even in dense, multipath-prone environments like New York City.

Furthermore, Rappaport acknowledges the challenges of using millimeter-wave frequencies, such as increased path loss and susceptibility to atmospheric absorption. However, he explains that these issues can be mitigated through the use of adaptive antennas, beamforming techniques, and innovative signal processing algorithms. According to the ETHW biography, Rappaport’s research has been instrumental in developing these techniques, providing a foundation for future wireless systems designed to operate efficiently at higher frequencies.

The potential impact of Rappaport’s research is not limited to improving wireless communication infrastructure. As he states, “Wireless becomes part of everything we do and we don’t connect with wires...we connect wirelessly and our devices are connected wirelessly” (Rappaport). This vision extends to applications in smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and advanced medical technologies, where high-frequency wireless systems can enable entirely new capabilities.

Conclusion

The legacy of NYU Poly’s contributions to electrical engineering and telecommunications is evident through the work of its prominent figures: Ernst Weber, Arthur A. Oliner, and Theodore S. Rappaport. From Weber’s establishment of the Microwave Research Institute (MRI), which advanced radar and microwave technologies, to Oliner’s foundational research in electromagnetics and microwave field theory, NYU Poly emerged as a significant leader in engineering research throughout the mid-20th century. As shown in their achievements and recognition, these early contributions laid the groundwork for subsequent innovations.

In the modern era, Theodore Rappaport’s work at NYU WIRELESS continues this legacy by advancing millimeter-wave technology for 5G and beyond. His research into high-frequency wireless systems has opened new possibilities for broadband communication, antenna design, and efficient data transfer. By utilizing the previously untapped millimeter-wave frequencies, Rappaport and his team have demonstrated the feasibility of implementing faster, more efficient wireless networks that can support future applications such as smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and enhanced healthcare technologies.

The evolution from Weber’s establishment of MRI to Rappaport’s leadership at NYU WIRELESS illustrates how NYU Poly’s role in electrical engineering and telecommunications has adapted to the changing landscape of technological innovation. Each researcher’s work has contributed to the continuous advancement of wireless communication systems, establishing NYU as a critical hub of research and innovation.

Moving forward, the institution’s commitment to multidisciplinary research and collaboration will likely drive further breakthroughs in the field. As new challenges arise, the foundations built by Weber, Oliner, and Rappaport will continue to influence future generations of engineers and researchers at NYU.

References

Primary Sources:

• “Weber in MRI Research Laboratory, 1955.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1955. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025. https://ethw.org/File:0999_-_Weber_in_MRI_research_laboratory.jpg
• “Weber Examines IBM 7080.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1955. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025. https://ethw.org/File:1004_-_weber_ibm_7080.jpg
• Vallese, L. M. "On The Equivalent Circuits of Linear Amplifiers." Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 10, Poly Archives. Accessed 9 Apr. 2025.
• Bloom, Oscar J. "Training Session of 27 February." Letter to Dr. Ernst Weber, 16 Mar. 1965. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Records, Box 5, Poly Archives. Accessed 9 Apr. 2025.
• “Weber and George H.W. Bush, 1987.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, IEEE, 1987. Accessed 27 Mar. 2025. https://ethw.org/File:1640_-_Ernst_Weber_and_George_H.W._Bush.jpg
• “1993 Distinguished Educator Award - Arthur A. Oliner.” IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Newsletter, 1993. Accessed 28 Mar. 2025. https://www.mtt.org/app/uploads/2019/01/1993_Oliner.pdf
• University of Delaware. “ECE Distinguished Lecture Series: Ted Rappaport.” YouTube, 10 Oct. 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uideve1jaE8. Accessed 28 Mar. 2025.

Secondary Sources:

• Bell, Trudy E. “Oral-History: Ernst Weber (1988).” Engineering and Technology History Wiki. IEEE, 1988. https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1988)
• Weber, Ernst, and Frederik Nebeker. The Evolution of Electrical Engineering: A Personal Perspective. IEEE Press, 1994.
• Pozar, David M.  Microwave Engineering, 4th Edition. Wiley, 2011.
• “Arthur A. Oliner (1921-2013).” National Academy of Engineering. 2013. https://www.nae.edu/313329/ARTHUR-A-OLINER-19212013
• “Theodore S. Rappaport.” Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW), IEEE. 3 Apr. 2023. https://ethw.org/Theodore_S._Rappaport.
• “Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport - NYU Tandon Faculty Profile.” NYU Tandon School of Engineering. Accessed 28 Mar. 2025. https://engineering.nyu.edu/faculty/theodore-ted-s-rappaport.